August 2023 was the hottest month ever recorded in Milan, with an average daily temperature of 33 degrees, breaking the record set in 1763. According to the analysis of Coldiretti based on data from the Copernicus Climate Change Service of the European Union, this summer was the hottest on record, with 0.66 degrees above the historical seasonal average, while in Europe the average temperature was 0.83 degrees higher, particularly in southern Europe, where Portugal, France, and Italy experienced real heat waves. A situation that has weighed heavily, particularly in densely populated areas made red-hot by asphalt and concrete, with temperatures up to 3 degrees higher than in the countryside. In this scenario, parks, gardens, and green areas in cities serve as well-being oases for the population, even if cities only have 32.5 square meters of refreshing urban green per inhabitant, despite the fact that urban areas are experiencing climate change with increasingly intense and persistent heat waves. According to Coldiretti elaborations on Istat data, among the hottest cities are Milan with only 18.5 square meters of urban green per inhabitant, but also the capital Rome with 16.9 square meters, Florence with 25.4, Turin with
23.7, Bologna with 22.1, and Naples with 13.5 square meters.