It was the hottest October ever in Italy, with the temperature 3.15 degrees above the historical average for the month. The climatic anomaly was most evident in the central regions, where the temperature in October was as much as 3.4 degrees above average and the damage caused by bad weather in November was greater. On a more fragile territory, as many as 107 extreme events including tornadoes, windstorms and water bombs have hit so far in November alone, concentrated mainly right in central Italy, causing numerous missing people and victims. Rising temperatures and the multiplication of extreme events are affecting a fragile territory: due to cementification and abandonment, Italy has lost almost 1/3 (30%) of its agricultural land in the last half century, with heavy effects on the 9 hydrogeological regions due to the reduced capacity to absorb excess water.
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