Heavy negative consequences on the credit market after a year of ever-increasing interest rates reaching 4.5%: during 2023, bank loans to businesses and households fell by €40 billion, at a rate of more than €3 billion per month; and credit institutions' net non-performing loans increased by more than 16%, indicating a difficulty on the part of customers to manage financial debt with rising rates. Mortgages declined by more than 2 billion (-0.54%), as did personal loans, which fell by 14 billion (-10%); however, consumer credit continues to expand, increasing by more than 6 billion (+5%). The Unimpresa Study Center's monthly credit report shows that total loans increased from 1,328 billion to 1,288 billion.
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