In Italy, the female labor market participation rate is 48.2% compared to 59.6% for the European Union average: with a female participation rate equal to the European rate, in Italy we would have 2.3 million more employed women, thus an increase in GDP, but also an increase in population. Countries such as Denmark, Sweden and Iceland have an average fertility index of 1.7% compared to Italy's 1.2 and have female labor participation rates between 70 and 77%. This is the Confcommercio Studies Office's analysis of the dynamics of female employment, both employed and self-employed, and the impact of these both economically and socially. In addition, considering the female dependent and independent component of the labor market as a whole, this in the four-year period 2019-2023 grew by 13.3% compared to 10.2% of the total (men + women), and in the tertiary market sector the growth is more pronounced (+15.8%); of 1.85 million jobs created in the last four years, just over half are female workers, and in the tertiary market sector more than 60% of the newly employed are women.
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