The public guarantees that "step" on the Italian public budget total more than 300 billion euros. Precisely, it is 302.3 billion, or 14.5% of the nation's gross domestic product; this enormous sum of money signifies the state's now-established stability in the economy, albeit through less pervasive and indirect instruments than shareholdings. Of these, approximately €8 billion are related to European interventions, another €123 billion to emergency measures implemented in response to the economic crisis caused by Covid, slightly more than €37 billion are "committed" as various funds linked to measures to overcome the energy crisis, and another €133 billion to ordinary guarantee instruments. In absolute terms, the most significant item is the guarantee fund for small and medium-sized firms as part of the anti-Covid measures, which is valued more than 98 billion, accounting for about a third of the total and 4.7% of GDP.