Southern Italy, a strategic energy center, is ranked third in the ranking of the most attractive territories among the 20 Mediterranean countries examined by Teha Group for the Mediterranean Sustainable Development index. In 2022 and 2023, it experienced a 5.9% and 1.5% increase in GDP, respectively, thereby further solidifying its status as the most successful region at the national level. In addition, forecasts for 2024 show 0.9% increase, which is higher than the Centre-North average (+0.7%). A dynamism that is evident in the labor data (+2.6% of employed individuals between 2022 and 2023) and the trend of private investment, which increased by 12.9% over the two-year period, surpassing that of the North and Centre. But a note of caution: while Southern Italy is narrowing the gap with Spain and holds fifth place in the economic domain, it is losing ground in innovation and in the social sphere. Now the emphasis is on reviving the automobile industry and strengthening aerospace, pharmaceuticals, and agrifood.