For the first time in the history of astrophysics, polarized X-ray light from a magnetar has been detected during a period of intense activity, which is referred to as an outburst. The observation was made possible by the IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) space mission, which was developed in conjunction with NASA and the Italian Space Agency (ASI), and is documented in two publications published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. One study was carried out by an Italian team from the National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) and the University of Padua, and the other by US experts. The focus of the discovery is magnetar 1E 1841–045, a neutron star located about 28,000 light-years from Earth, in the remnants of supernova Kes 73. On August 20, 2024, the star abruptly reactivated, capturing the attention of observers worldwide. All major high-energy telescopes, including IXPE, directed their instruments toward the explosion. IXPE was the first to detect polarized X-ray emission from an operational magnetar, marking a historic milestone. Polarized light, with waves oscillating on a defined plane, gives vital information about the radiation's origin and the environment through which it travels. Magnetars are neutron stars whose magnetic fields are among the strongest in the universe. During outbursts, they can generate up to a thousand times more energy than usual, but the mechanics underlying these changes remain unclear. This observation is a critical step in the process of enhancing our understanding of the extraordinary celestial objects and the extreme physical laws that govern them.
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