Ener2Crowd has revealed its new 2025 ranking of Europe's worst polluting cities. Moscow tops the list with nearly 141 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, followed by Istanbul (87.4 Mt) and St. Petersburg (53 Mt). “The extreme heat we are experiencing is not an exception, but the most tangible face of the climate crisis", says Niccolò Sovico, CEO of Ener2Crowd. "We can still reverse the trend, but we must act now. Italy is not immune either: Turin ranks eighth in Europe, emitting 23 million tonnes of CO2. Frankfurt, Athens, Berlin, and Paris are among the other European cities and metropolises following closely behind. The data was processed by Ener2Crowd, Italy's premier ESG investment platform, in accordance with the findings of researchers Ting Wei, Junliang Wu, and Shaoqing Chen from the School of Environmental Science and Engineering at Sun Yat-sen University in China, as described in their research 'Keeping Track of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Progress and Targets in 167 Cities Worldwide'.