A magnitude 4.0 earthquake struck Italy’s Campi Flegrei area (Naples) at 4:55 a.m. local time on September 1, according to the National Institute of National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. The tremor is part of a new seismic sequence that began on August 31. Since midnight, the Institute reported at least 14 minor tremors, following two quakes of magnitude 3.3 recorded on Augut 31. The Campi Flegrei—literally “Burning Fields”—is a vast volcanic caldera located just west of Naples. Unlike Mount Vesuvius, which is a single cone-shaped volcano, the Campi Flegrei is a sprawling area of craters and fumaroles, stretching beneath a densely populated region that is home to nearly half a million people. The zone is considered one of Europe’s most seismically active, with frequent small quakes linked to underground magma movements and ground deformation. INGV, Italy’s national institute responsible for monitoring earthquakes and volcanic activity, tracks the seismic swarms closely. While most of these tremors are minor, their recurrence raises concerns because the area’s geological structure makes it particularly vulnerable to both earthquakes and potential volcanic unrest.