Artificial intelligence is a particularly challenging technology for universities. The reason for this is described in the second report of Intesa Sanpaolo's "Look Forward" Skills Observatory, which was developed in partnership with the "Franco Fontana" Research Center at Luiss University and includes a whole chapter on the subject. The starting point is a study conducted by the Digital Education Council, which revealed that 86% of students already use AI. Of these, 24% utilize it as a daily study assistant. University students use programs like ChatGpt, Copilot, Grammarly, Gemini, Perplexity AI, and others to search for information (69%), assess their language skills (42%), summarize documents (33%), paraphrase texts (28%), and prepare project drafts (24%). However, less than half of those polled (48%) are prepared to face a future workplace changed by AI. As a result, there is optimism that institutions will provide more training on how to use AI tools intelligently and effectively. To assist them, the Intesa SanPaolo-Luiss paper, following a wide survey of the world literature and the key practical implications for teaching and learning, focuses on the challenges that lie ahead. It ranges from the AI gap — that is, the risk that the divisions already present in education due to the digital divide may widen further because of the algorithmic divide — to ethics and security concerns.