The winners of the 2025 Balzan Prizes have been revealed. In the humanities, the award goes to Josiah Ober (Stanford University) for his work on Athenian democracy, which combines ancient ideas with the dynamics of current politics, and to Rosalind Krauss (Columbia University), a key figure in contemporary art history. In the physical and natural sciences, the prize goes to Christophe Salomon (Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Paris) for his work on ultra-cold atoms and ultra-precise time measurement, and to Carl H. June (University of Pennsylvania), a pioneer in CAR-T cell gene therapy, which is now a revolutionary treatment for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Each Balzan Prize is worth 750,000 Swiss francs (roughly 800,000 euros), half of which must be used for research projects led by young scholars. The International Balzan Prize Foundation manages the estate that Eugenio Balzan left and operates through two institutional locations, one in Milan and one in Zurich. In this context, the Balzan Prizes have international relevance as they reward creative paths of study and research.