Nearly half (44%) of the approximately 3.9 million young individuals between the ages of 18 and 29 regard work as a means of generating money, 29% as a necessity, and only 26% as an opportunity for personal fulfillment. Data from the most recent INAPP-Plus survey, which included over 45,000 people, show that the difficulty young people face in entering the workforce is due not only to economic factors, but also to structural and cultural constraints that limit opportunities for personal and professional fulfillment. This view reflects a major shift: work tends to lose its identity and social significance, resulting in unstable, fragmented, and underappreciated jobs. Family-based disparities continue to have a substantial influence. Young individuals from families with a higher level of cultural and relational capital exhibit a greater capacity for professional development and inclusion. Conversely, those from less privileged backgrounds face more barriers (34%) and are frequently trapped in discontinuous or low-skilled professional pathways. The issue of inadequate earnings is clear: almost one-third of young people find available employment offers unacceptable, mostly due to poor pay. This is followed by inadequate work descriptions, a lack of consistency between educational qualifications and job postings, and, finally, the prevalence of irregular or unstable employment connections. There are also logistical and interpersonal challenges that contribute to the disparity in recognition and opportunities: in small communities, travel and a lack of professional networks are substantial, while in large cities, the gap is increasingly expanding. Women report greater concern for flexible hours and remote work, yet still face challenges balancing personal and professional life, with firms still failing to provide adequate welfare and family-life balance. The quality of career chances continues to be heavily influenced by the family context. Young individuals with fewer economic and cultural resources are more likely to be dissatisfied with their work descriptions and limited chances for advancement, whereas those with a more stable familial background prioritize alignment between skills, interests, and career paths.
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