Italy is not a homogeneous demographic block. There are indications of a countertrend, in addition to depopulation and a declining birth rate. The "demographic surprises" are numerous. While some inland regions are experiencing population decline or are no longer experiencing population decline due to their complete depopulation, there are others that are capable of attracting a youthful population, both from other Italian regions and from abroad. This is the case in numerous municipalities in Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, and the coastal regions of Lazio and Campania. In these areas, the influx of migrants - who are frequently university students and workers - contributes to a population dynamism that exceeds the national average and mitigates aging, maintaining a virtuous cycle that keeps the population active and vibrant. This is also true in Puglia, the coastal municipalities around Olbia, Cagliari, and Sassari, as well as the coastal areas of southwestern and southern Sicily - territories that tell the story of a dynamic and attractive South in the Italian demographic landscape.