Europe remains a global leader in the battle against climate change, having decreased greenhouse gas emissions, increased its usage of renewable energy since 2005, and improved air quality, the circular economy, and sustainable finance. However, while presenting its new environmental studies, ISPRA (the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research) noted that the continent is still warming at the fastest rate in the world, and biodiversity loss remains a severe issue. In this context, Italy serves a dual purpose. It is among the most virtuous countries in terms of circular economy, with a material reuse rate of 20.8%, nearly double the European average, and has decreased greenhouse gas emissions by 26% since 1990. Renewable energy and organic farming are also expanding. However, severe obstacles remain: only 8% of Italy's natural ecosystems are well-conserved, and almost a quarter of assessed plant species are at risk of extinction. Land use continues to increase, with 7,850 hectares lost by 2024 (more than 21 hectares each day). The same year was the hottest since 1961, with Alpine glaciers swiftly melting and sea levels steadily rising. Economic damages from catastrophic occurrences have more than quadrupled in the last seven years, indicating increased climate vulnerability. Despite improvements in air and water quality, Italy still falls well short of achieving WHO air pollution targets. Overall, the country is making progress, but unevenly: great waste sorting and renewable energy utilization coexist with delays in climate adaptation, particularly in the South.