Pope Leo has proclaimed a new Doctor of the Church: Saint John Henry Newman, the 38th in the two-thousand-year history of the institution. The list comprises figures such as Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Thérèse of Lisieux, Teresa of Avila, Catherine of Siena, and Bernard of Clairvaux: those designated as Doctors of the Church are saints whose writings and teachings have made substantial contributions to the comprehension of faith and theological contemplation. Newman, founder of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri in England, devoted his life to a relentless search for truth. He was an Anglican clergyman who converted to Catholicism and made substantial contributions to the intellectual life of the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches. He remains one of the most important individuals in the evolution of Catholic theological thinking. British Deputy Prime Minister David Lammy and the Archbishop of York, Stephen Cottrell, were also in the square before St. Peter's Basilica for Newman's inauguration as the 38th Doctor of the Church, which the Pope greeted, recalling a "historic prayer meeting" with King Charles III a few days earlier.