Italy has supplied over €3 billion in military aid to Ukraine, according to Gen. Luciano Portolano, Chief of Staff of Defense. Portolano described a “hybrid war” environment, emphasizing that modern conflicts extend beyond battlefields to critical infrastructure and cyber systems.
Italy’s defense investments include €426 million in space surveillance, €3.53 billion for land modernization, €2.53 billion for naval assets, €4.55 billion for air units, €1.14 billion for command and digital systems, €340 million for R&D, €1.32 billion for infrastructure, and €5.44 billion for operational readiness.