Seeking treatment far from home is no longer an exception, but increasingly a necessity. This is the conclusion drawn from the Gimbe Foundation's Report on Healthcare Mobility, which was delivered on the occasion of its 30th anniversary. Spending on treatment outside of the region reached its all-time high in 2023, at €5.15 billion, a 2.3% rise from €5.04 billion in 2022. This phenomena maintains a strong South-North tendency, but there is also "nearby" mobility among surrounding northern regions. However, in the North, this frequently entails a mutual exchange of patients, whereas in the South, a genuine patient exodus prevails, with no compensating appeal. Three regions account for nearly half of the revenue from non-resident patient treatment: Lombardy (23.2%), Emilia-Romagna (17.6%), and Veneto (11.1%). On the other side, the highest expenditures are in Lazio, Campania, and Lombardy itself. While the latter has a positive balance of €645.8 million, regions like Calabria, Campania, Puglia, and Sicily are experiencing large deficits. "Healthcare migration is one of the most sensitive indicators of regional inequalities", said Gimbe president Nino Cartabellotta. More than 80% of treatments outside the region are the consequence of a deliberate patient choice rather than an emergency. Another noteworthy finding pertains to the private sector's contribution: private, affiliated institutions receive over half of the resources allocated to healthcare mobility, generating nearly €2 billion in revenue in 2023.