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Between 2023 and 2026, Italy significantly altered the nature of its energy suppliers. The decrease in Russian gas imports was largely compensated by an increase in liquefied natural gas (LNG) and the strengthening of pipeline routes from the Mediterranean and Caucasus. This diversification policy, implemented following the 2022 energy crisis, reduced reliance on a single supply while increasing the role of LNG in the energy mix. This results in a new vulnerability: an increasing proportion of Italian supplies are dependent on global maritime routes and strategic centers, such as the Strait of Hormuz, rendering the system more susceptible to disruptions in transport chains and geopolitical tensions. By 2025, Russian gas has almost completely disappeared from Italy's energy mix. LNG—one-third from the United States, one-third from Qatar, and the other third from North Africa—has established itself as a major supply conduit (about 32%). During the same time span, Algeria's contribution declined marginally, but Azerbaijan's climbed, surpassing 16%. According to data available through mid-March, the pattern appears to be confirmed in 2026: LNG will account for more than one-third of total imports, with Algeria and Azerbaijan remaining the primary pipeline suppliers.
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