The number of births in Italy continues to decline: 355,000 in 2025, a 3.9% fall from 2024. Fertility drops to 1.14 children per woman. The population, however, has remained steady at almost 59 million. While the natural change (the difference between births and deaths) is "largely negative" (approximately -296,000, worse than in 2024, when it was -283,000), net migration continues to grow: as of January 1, 2026, the foreign-born resident population rose to 5,560,000, an increase of 188,000 individuals (+3.5%) over the previous year, accounting for 9.4% of the total population. As a result, Istat defines the situation as follows: "Italy remains a country in which a very positive migration dynamic is successfully counteracting a largely negative natural turnover, and the population continues to age". At the territorial level, there are some discrepancies: the North experiences a population increase of 2.2 per thousand, the Centre maintains a constant population of 0.0 per thousand, and the South continues to experience losses of -3.1 per thousand.