Italy, like the rest of the European Union, has undergone a major transformation in its energy supply system. Compared to 2021, the period preceding the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the composition of European gas imports has undergone a significant transformation. The volume of natural gas in gaseous form, primarily carried via pipeline, declined by 44.8% in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the first quarter of 2021. In contrast, imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) more than doubled during the same period. As a result, the change has an impact on both the supplying countries and the way of supply. Prior to 2022, Europe primarily bought gas from Russia via pipeline; however, the severe reduction in those flows has been substantially offset by LNG from new partners, particularly the United States and Middle Eastern countries such as Qatar. Pipeline supplies from other nations, like as Norway, increased, but not enough to compensate for the loss of Russian volumes. This transition has altered the character of Italian and European vulnerability. If Russian gas via pipe was tied to land infrastructure and geopolitical dynamics along the eastern borders, the expanding usage of LNG now relates it to the security of global sea routes. LNG provides greater flexibility than pipelines since shipments can be relocated quickly. At the same time, it exposes Italy more to global competition and shocks along major energy routes: in recent weeks, cargoes have been diverted to countries willing to pay more, such as those in Asia.