Extreme heat threatens worldwide agricultural productivity. It endangers the health of more than a billion people, resulting in the loss of half a million hours of labor per year and harming livestock herds and food output. This hard climate scenario, however, is being met with good judgment by Italian farmers, as seen by the favorable outcomes seen in new tropical fruit production in Sicily and the increasing number of olive trees planted in northern regions ranging from Veneto to Trentino. "In our country", explain the leaders of the farmers' union Coldiretti, "the high heat may be producing issues for vineyards in Sicily, but at the same time, and in the same territory, it promotes the development of more profitable tropical fruit. This year, a consortium of Sicilian mango and avocado producers generated €3 million in revenue from local large-scale retail. Meanwhile, in the north of the country, between Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige, olive groves are spreading in an area that was previously deemed off-limits for olive farming and extra virgin olive oil manufacturing".