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The annual survey conducted by Raffaele Rio, author of the book "Tourism is Not Destiny", reveals that Italian tourism is confronted with an invisible yet severe threat: so-called "toxic tourism." The combination of overtourism, high prices, criminal infiltration, speculation in short-term rentals, and the marginalization of inland areas costs Italy an average of €12.6 billion annually, which is equivalent to 0.6% of GDP in 2025. In the worst-case scenario, the damage may total €16.2 billion. This phenomenon results in the direct theft of wealth from local communities, which can be quantified as a loss of growth of €477 per resident family (€214 per person). Those paying the largest social price are around 8.1 million Italians who, due to rising prices, can no longer afford to holiday, while 304,000 residents have been actually "evicted" and replaced by the short-term rental market. The economic impact is exacerbated by organized criminal infiltration into the sector, which deprives the legal economy and tax authorities of up to €3.3 billion per year, leaving local communities with the difficulties of mass tourism while denying them of its true benefits.
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