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Rising temperatures are affecting businesses and consumption, in addition to becoming a health and social issue. According to Confesercenti (Italian Confederation of Commercial, Tourist, and Service industries), one of the main trade associations representing Italian industries, dealing with thirty to sixty days of high heat each year can cost the Italian economy between €6 and €12 billion. This cost is equivalent to 0.2-0.4% of GDP, which includes increased energy costs, poorer productivity, forced investments, and revenue losses in the most vulnerable industries. This is the conclusion of a comprehensive study conducted by the Confesercenti Economic Office on the current state of the country's economy, which is experiencing a surge in temperatures. Forced investments—more efficient air conditioning systems, photovoltaic panels, shading, and building energy efficiency upgrades—are currently the most expensive, costing between €2 billion and €4 billion. This is followed by higher energy expenses of between €2 and €3 billion due to the requirement for longer cooling times, as well as a €1.5 to €3 billion loss in labor productivity on hot days. Finally, the most vulnerable industries, including construction, agriculture, transportation, and street vending, will lose between €1 and €2 billion in revenue. Large air-conditioned warehouses and online platforms profit from the heat, while marketplaces, stores in historic city centers, and neighborhood businesses suffer, adding to the pressures caused by e-commerce and delocalization. Consumption habits are also shifting: fashion stores are noticing a fall in purchases of heavier winter apparel, owing to increasingly brief cold seasons, while outdoor dining in restaurants is losing popularity, and on hot days, customers prefer air-conditioned rooms.
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