In response to the environmental and social crisis affecting the planet, the International Theological Commission has published, with the authorisation of Pope Leo XIV, the document “Caring for Our Common Home”. The text, based on reflections developed between 2022 and 2025, moves beyond a purely technical approach to sustainability and introduces the concept of “sin against Creation”, defining ecological degradation as a direct wound to the divine plan. Rejecting both predatory anthropocentrism and radical ecocentrism, the theological reflection promotes a “situated anthropocentrism”, in which humanity is called to act as a servant and guardian of the planet. From the principle of Sabbath rest to the moral significance of everyday purchasing choices, the Vatican proposes a cultural and spiritual conversion inspired by St Francis of Assisi. The document stresses that environmental damage affects the poorest first and calls for broad interreligious cooperation to protect the Earth's resources.