Symptoms of a heat wave may be apparent within days, while those associated with exposure to extreme weather conditions during pregnancy or childhood may not be apparent for years. The effects of climate change on health, from the short to the long term, will be studied by E-CHANGE, a new project led by the Epidemiology Unit of the University of Turin and the Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital in Turin, funded by the Italian Science Fund (FIS 2) of the Ministry of University and Research (MUR). Heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, extreme rainfall and the spread of disease vectors can have different consequences for the population. The impacts can have a wide-ranging impact on health and might last for days, months, or even years. Understanding them necessitates taking into account the type of exposure, the health outcomes, and the duration over which they may manifest. Most research, however, concentrates on a specific health outcome and a short time period. Thus, it needs to be shown how a single climate-related exposure can affect numerous elements of health in the short and long term. The lasting repercussions of exposures occurring during particularly susceptible periods, such as pregnancy and early childhood, remain little known. E-CHANGE, an acronym for "boosting Epidemiological methods to assess human health risks in a CHANGing climatE", will address this complexity by integrating epidemiology, biostatistics, molecular biology and climate science. The initiative will focus on Italy, a country that is particularly sensitive to the consequences of climate change, with the goal of giving the most comprehensive picture of the relationship between climate and health. The information and methods obtained can be utilized in different contexts.