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Rome is the leader of Italy in European research funding and talent concentration; however, it trails behind Milan in venture capital, having raised €295 million over the past five years, as opposed to Milan's €4.1 billion. The Rome Business School report, "Who Innovates Where? Rome, Milan, Turin: Players, Infrastructure, and Comparative Numbers", highlights the "Roman Paradox": strong scientific capacity but slow research translation into firms and investments. Rome tops Italy in garnering competitive European funding, receiving €776 million from Horizon 2020—more than Milan and nearly three times as much as Turin—and has the biggest concentration of public researchers in the country. Sapienza University is Europe's largest university in terms of student enrollment, and 250 aerospace and defense industries employ 23,500 highly specialized workers in the Tiburtina Valley, earning €5 billion in income each year.
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